Not sure if you're looking for river/stream information or lake/pond information. So i'll give both.
Ponds/ Lakes.
Trout Lake and Bass Lake- Trout lake is off of winkler's creek road close to the parkway. tough bank fishing due to trees/steep banks, great for a canoe/kayak. Largemouth,bream,trout
Bass Lake is off of 221 just outside of Blowing Rock (about 1-1.5 miles from trout lake) Great bank fishing access, lot of small largemouth and plenty of bream. This gets a lot of fishing pressure. I've seen a nice 4-5 pounder in the lake but mostly all small fish (colder water might hinder their growth, just a theory)
Price Lake - on the parkway, I've never fished it, they stock it for trout, I'm sure it has bream and bass as well, heavy heavy fishing pressure.
Other lakes....Watuaga Lake (Tenn. ~hour drive from boone) and Lake James in Morganton.
Rivers/Streams.
First the two obvious...
Watauga River - good access on hwy 105 near ham shoppe in valle crucis, valle crucis park, behind appalachian angler (on hwy 105) and behind church on shulls mill rd. Stocked with trout, great time fishing b/t march and june 1st b/c it is delayed harvet (catch and release only) After June 1st (or 1st sat. in June) it gets fished very heavily. Still fun though, mostly trout, rock bass (redeye) and suckers mixed in, maybe a bream or two, and perhaps a smallie, but I don't recall catching any.
New River-- I'd go north of Todd, or even north of Jefferson. Great smallmouth fishery.
Wilson Creek area (wild trout waters) Wilson Creek, Upper Creek, Harper Creeks, etc. most beautiful place to fish on the east coast.
Elk River (behind Lees McRae college in Banner Elk, also a pond there. Great catch and release trout stretch.
That's enough. But seriously, I was a pond/lake fisherman before going to school up there, do yourself a favor and get into fly fishing. At first it will take some patience and frustration, but you can't beat a wild trout rising on a fly.
-Dave